Una conversación real está llena de pausas, de repeticiones sin sentido, de frases mal construidas o sin terminar, de malas elecciones de palabras o expresiones. Hay digresiones, cambios de tema, e interrupciones de todo tipo, y rara vez se dibuja una idea o se cierra una discusión con una de esas frases míticas que siempre hemos querido decir pero todavía no hemos encontrado ocasión, como “sincronicemos los relojes” o “cariño, esto no es lo que parece“. Además, hay gestos, expresión corporal, inflexiones y tonos de voz… elementos muy complejos de incorporar a la prosa. Parece de cajón que un diálogo no puede ser una conversación real y para convencerse no hay más que transcribir una.
Sin embargo, cuando vemos o leemos un buen diálogo da la sensación de ser real, verosímil. A veces se diría que se siente el cosquilleo nervioso de estar escuchando a escondidas una conversación privada. A pesar de tanta naturalidad, pocas zonas de una narración son tan complejas y pensadas, tan “artificiales” como los diálogos. Por ejemplo, el gran Rick Blaine dice:
Rick Blaine
-Mi alemán está algo oxidado, ¿qué dicen?
-Es la Gestapo. Dicen que esperan entrar en París mañana. Y también qué hemos de hacer cuando entren. El mundo desmoronándose y escogemos este momento para enamorarnos.
-Sí, es mal momento, desde luego. ¿Dónde estabas hace diez años?
-Tenía los dientes torcidos y llevaba un corrector. ¿Y tú?
-Buscaba trabajo.
(Se oye un cañonazo a lo lejos. Ella dice:)
-¿Ha sido un cañonazo o un latido de mi corazón?
-Es el nuevo 77 alemán y, por el sonido, está sólo a unos 50 kilómetros.
Bueno, si pensamos que Casablanca está ambientada en una época en que los hombres llevaban un Lucky Strike sin filtro cosido al labio inferior y un whisky de malta sin hielo a la mano derecha, y las mujeres presentaban una sospechosa querencia a llevarse el dorso de la mano a la frente para desmayarse con un suspiro, nos chirriará un poco menos eso de los cañonazos del corazón que desmoronan el mundo, y nos daremos cuenta de que 7 líneas de diálogo dan un montón de información sobre la trama y los personajes.
El diálogo sitúa la escena en el espacio y en el tiempo: el día antes de que los alemanes invadan París durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sabemos que Rick habla un poco de alemán y que Ilsa sabe alemán perfectamente; se trata de dos personajes con cierto nivel cultural. Rick es capaz de distinguir a qué distancia está un cañón y de qué cañón se trata por el sonido, así que entendemos que Rick ha tenido relación con las armas o con la guerra en algún momento de su vida. Nos dice que Rick es mayor que Ilsa, porque él ya buscaba trabajo cuando ella era una adolescente. Además son de clases sociales distintas: Rick buscaba trabajo y la familia de Ilsa puede permitirse un corrector dental en aquella época. Además, desvela a los personajes: los alemanes están a punto de invadir París y ellos hablan de amor.
Es evidente que ni una sola palabra del diálogo es casual. Cada palabra, cada línea y la interacción entre ellas (opciones positivas, por cierto) está pensada para avanzar la trama (y la escena), para construir a los personajes dando información significativa sobre ellos, para desvelar su verdadera naturaleza a través de sus actos (o palabras) dramatizados en situaciones de presión (porque no es lo mismo comentar lo mucho que nos queremos mientras cenamos con velas un sábado por la noche, que discutirlo mientras nos invaden), de manera que el diálogo dice una cosa y cuenta otra (texto y subtexto, diría un guionista).
A fin de cuentas, Aristóteles ya contaba que hay que “hablar como hablan las personas normales pero pensando como lo hacen los sabios“.
#1 by especialista on 3/May/2010
Leyendo el texto no he podido evitar el gesto de llevarme el dorso de la mano a la frente y exhalar un profundo suspiro al ver que se te ha colado una “elle” entre “desmayarse” y “desmallarse”.
Por lo demás al final el suspiro ha sido de satisfacción al comprobar que el post es, como siempre, buenísimo.
; )
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Coincidiendo con especialista, una vez más, un gustazo leer el post de turno.
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Otra de las míticas : Siga a ese coche !
Un post muy real.
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